Tupolev Tu-104B

The Tupolev Tu-104B is the final and most capable production variant of the Tu-104 family, introduced in 1959 with significantly enhanced passenger capacity. The Tu-104B features a substantially lengthened fuselage measuring 40.06 meters (compared to 38.85m for the original and ~39m for the Tu-104A), accommodating 100-115 passengers in various configurations - more than double the original 50-passenger capacity. Powered by upgraded Mikulin AM-3M-500 turbojet engines producing 9,700 kgf (95 kN) thrust each - the most powerful engines fitted to any Tu-104 variant - the Tu-104B offered improved performance to handle the increased weight and passenger load. With a maximum takeoff weight increased to 78,100 kg (from 76,000 kg), empty weight of 43,800 kg, and maximum payload of 12,000 kg, the Tu-104B represented the optimal balance of capacity and range for Soviet medium-range routes. The Tu-104B featured improved passenger amenities and cabin layout optimized for high-density seating. The variant's range of 2,120 km with full payload made it ideal for busy domestic trunk routes connecting major Soviet cities. The Tu-104B served as the backbone of Aeroflot's domestic jet operations through the 1960s and 1970s until gradually replaced by more modern aircraft like the Tu-154.